Appendix: Water Properties

Water Properties

Temperature	Density (g/mL) at sea level
0	0.9998395
4	0.9999720 (density maximum)
10	0.9997026
15	0.9991026
20	0.9982071
22	0.9977735
25	0.9970479
30	0.9956502
40	0.9922
60	0.9832
80	0.9718
100	0.9584

Water Vapor Pressure at Different Temperatures (°C)

Temperature	Vapor Pressure (torr)	Vapor Pressure (Pa)
0	4.6	613.2812
4	6.1	813.2642
10	9.2	1226.562
15	12.8	1706.522
20	17.5	2333.135
22	19.8	2639.776
25	23.8	3173.064
30	31.8	4239.64
35	42.2	5626.188
40	55.3	7372.707
45	71.9	9585.852
50	92.5	12332.29
55	118.0	15732
60	149.4	19918.31
65	187.5	24997.88
70	233.7	31157.35
75	289.1	38543.39
80	355.1	47342.64
85	433.6	57808.42
90	525.8	70100.71
95	633.9	84512.82
100	760.0	101324.7

Water K_w and pK_w at Different Temperatures (°C)

Temperature	Kw x10–14	pKw
0	0.112	14.95
5	0.182	14.74
10	0.288	14.54
15	0.465	14.33
20	0.671	14.17
25	0.991	14.00
30	1.432	13.84
35	2.042	13.69
40	2.851	13.55
45	3.917	13.41
50	5.297	13.28
55	7.080	13.15
60	9.311	13.03
75	19.95	12.70
100	56.23	12.25

Note: $ pK_w = -log_{10} K_w $

Specific Heat Capacity for Water
C°(H2O(l)) = 4.184 J∙g-1∙°C-1
C°(H2O(s)) = 2.093 J∙K−1∙g−1
C°(H2O(g)) = 1.864 J∙K−1∙g−1

Standard Water Melting and Boiling Temperatures and Enthalpies of the Transitions

	Temperature (K)	ΔH (kJ/mol)
melting	273.15	6.088
boiling	373.15	40.656 (44.016 at 298 K)

Water Cryoscopic (Freezing Point Depression) and Ebullioscopic (Boiling Point Elevation) Constants
Kf = 1.86°C∙kg∙mol−1 (cryoscopic constant)
Kb = 0.51°C∙kg∙mol−1 (ebullioscopic constant)