Appendix E: Water Properties

Water Properties

TemperatureDensity (g/mL)
00.9998395
40.9999720 (density maximum)
100.9997026
150.9991026
200.9982071
220.9977735
250.9970479
300.9956502
400.9922
600.9832
800.9718
1000.9584
Water Vapor Pressure at Different Temperatures (°C)
TemperatureVapor Pressure (torr)Vapor Pressure (Pa)
04.6613.2812
46.1813.2642
109.21226.562
1512.81706.522
2017.52333.135
2219.82639.776
2523.83173.064
3031.84239.64
3542.25626.188
4055.37372.707
4571.99585.852
5092.512332.29
55118.015732
60149.419918.31
65187.524997.88
70233.731157.35
75289.138543.39
80355.147342.64
85433.657808.42
90525.870100.71
95633.984512.82
100760.0101324.7
Water Kw and pKw at Different Temperatures (°C)
TemperatureKw 10–14pKw1
00.11214.95
50.18214.74
100.28814.54
150.46514.33
200.67114.17
250.99114.00
301.43213.84
352.04213.69
402.85113.55
453.91713.41
505.29713.28
557.08013.15
609.31113.03
7519.9512.70
10056.2312.25
Specific Heat Capacity for Water
C°(H2O(l)) = 4.184 J∙g-1∙°C-1
C°(H2O(s)) = 2.093 J∙K−1∙g−1
C°(H2O(g)) = 1.864 J∙K−1∙g−1
Standard Water Melting and Boiling Temperatures and Enthalpies of the Transitions
Temperature (K)ΔH (kJ/mol)
melting273.156.088
boiling373.1540.656 (44.016 at 298 K)
Water Cryoscopic (Freezing Point Depression) and Ebullioscopic (Boiling Point Elevation) Constants
Kf = 1.86°C∙kg∙mol−1 (cryoscopic constant)
Kb = 0.51°C∙kg∙mol−1 (ebullioscopic constant)
The plot shows the extent of light absorption versus wavelength for water. Absorption is reported in reciprocal meters and corresponds to the inverse of the distance light may travel through water before its intensity is diminished by 1/e (~37%).

Footnotes

  • 1 pKw = –log10(Kw)