Appendix: Standard Electrode (Half-Cell) Potentials

Half-ReactionE° (V)
$Ag^++e^−⟶Ag$+0.7996
$AgCl+e^−⟶Ag+Cl^−$+0.22233
$[Ag(CN)_2]^−+e^−⟶Ag+2CN^−$−0.31
$Ag_2CrO_4+2e^−⟶2Ag+CrO_4^{2−}$+0.45
$[Ag(NH_3)_2]^++e^−⟶Ag+2NH_3$+0.373
$[Ag(S_2O_3)_2]^{3+}+e^−⟶Ag+2S_2O_3^{2−}$+0.017
$[AlF_6]^{3−}+3e^−⟶Al+6F^−$−2.07
$Al^{3+}+3e^−⟶Al$−1.662
$Am^{3+}+3e^−⟶Am$−2.048
$Au^{3+}+3e^−⟶Au$+1.498
$Au^++e^−⟶Au$+1.692
$Ba^{2+}+2e^−⟶Ba$−2.912
$Be^{2+}+2e^−⟶Be$−1.847
$Br_2(aq)+2e^−⟶2Br^−$+1.0873
$Ca^{2+}+2e^−⟶Ca$−2.868
$Ce^{3+}+3e^−⟶Ce$−2.483
$Ce^{4+}+e^−⟶Ce^{3+}$+1.61
$Cd^{2+}+2e^−⟶Cd$−0.4030
$[Cd(CN)_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Cd+4CN^−$−1.09
$[Cd(NH_3)_4]^{2+}+2e^−⟶Cd+4NH_3$−0.61
$CdS+2e^−⟶Cd+S^{2−}$−1.17
$Cl_2+2e^−⟶2Cl^−$+1.35827
$ClO_4^−+H_2O+2e^−⟶ClO_3^−+2OH^−$+0.36
$ClO_3^−+H_2O+2e^−⟶ClO_2^−+2OH^−$+0.33
$ClO_2^−+H_2O+2e^−⟶ClO^−+2OH^−$+0.66
$ClO^−+H_2O+2e^−⟶Cl^−+2OH^−$+0.89
$ClO_4^−+2H_3O^++2e^−⟶ClO_3^−+3H_2O$+1.189
$ClO_3^−+3H_3O^++2e^−⟶HClO_2+4H_2O$+1.21
$HClO+H_3O^++2e^−⟶Cl^−+2H_2O$+1.482
$HClO+H_3O^++e^−⟶\frac{1}{2}Cl_2+2H_2O$+1.611
$HClO_2+2H_3O^++2e^−⟶HClO+3H_2O$+1.628
$Co^{3+}+e^−⟶Co^{2+}(2mol//H_2SO_4)$+1.83
$Co^{2+}+2e^−⟶Co$−0.28
$[Co(NH_3)_6]^{3+}+e^−⟶[Co(NH_3)_6]^{2+}$+0.1
$Co(OH)_3+e^−⟶Co(OH)_2+OH^−$+0.17
$Cr^{3+}3e^−⟶Cr$−0.744
$Cr^{3+}+e^−⟶Cr^{2+}$−0.407
$Cr^{2+}+2e^−⟶Cr$−0.913
$[Cu(CN)_2]^−+e^−⟶Cu+2CN^−$−0.43
$CrO_4^{2−}+4H_2O+3e^−⟶Cr(OH)_3+5OH^−$−0.13
$Cr_2O_7^{2−}+14H_3O^++6e^−⟶2Cr^{3+}+21H_2O$+1.232
$[Cr(OH)_4]^−+3e^−⟶Cr+4OH^−$−1.2
$Cr(OH)_3+3e^−⟶Cr+3OH^−$−1.48
$Cu^{2+}+e^−⟶Cu^+$+0.153
$Cu^{2+}+2e^−⟶Cu$+0.34
$Cu^++e^−⟶Cu$+0.521
$F_2+2e−⟶2F^−$+2.866
$Fe^{2+}+2e^−⟶Fe$−0.447
$Fe^{3+}+e^−⟶Fe^{2+}$+0.771
$[Fe(CN)_6]^{3−}+e^−⟶[Fe(CN)_6]^{4−}$+0.36
$Fe(OH)_2+2e^−⟶Fe+2OH^−$−0.88
$FeS+2e^−⟶Fe+S^{2−}$−1.01
$Ga^{3+}+3e^−⟶Ga$−0.549
$Gd^{3+}+3e^−⟶Gd$−2.279
$\frac{1}{2}H_2+e^−⟶H^−$−2.23
$2H_2O+2e^−⟶H_2+2OH^−$−0.8277
$H_2O_2+2H_3O^++2e^−⟶4H_2O$+1.776
$2H_3O^++2e^−⟶H_2+2H_2O$0.00
$HO_2^−+H_2O+2e^−⟶3OH^−$+0.878
$Hf^{4+}+4e^−⟶Hf$−1.55
$Hg^{2+}+2e^−⟶Hg$+0.851
$2Hg^{2+}+2e^−⟶Hg_2^{2+}$+0.92
$Hg_2^{2+}+2e^−⟶2Hg$+0.7973
$[HgBr_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Hg+4Br^−$+0.21
$Hg_2Cl_2+2e^−⟶2Hg+2Cl^−$+0.26808
$[Hg(CN)_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Hg+4CN^−$−0.37
$[HgI_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Hg+4I^−$−0.04
$HgS+2e^−⟶Hg+S^{2−}$−0.70
$I_2+2e^−⟶2I^−$+0.5355
$In^{3+}+3e^−⟶In$−0.3382
$K^++e^−⟶K$−2.931
$La^{3+}+3e^−⟶La$−2.52
$Li^++e^−⟶Li$−3.04
$Lu^{3+}+3e^−⟶Lu$−2.28
$Mg^{2+}+2e^−⟶Mg$−2.372
$Mn^{2+}+2e^−⟶Mn$−1.185
$MnO_2+2H_2O+2e^−⟶Mn(OH)_2+2OH^−$−0.05
$MnO_4^−+2H_2O+3e^−⟶MnO_2+4OH^−$+0.558
$MnO_2+4H^++2e^−⟶Mn^{2+}+2H_2O$+1.23
$MnO_4^−+8H^++5e^−⟶Mn^{2+}+4H_2O$+1.507
$Na^++e^−⟶Na$−2.71
$Nd^{3+}+3e^−⟶Nd$−2.323
$Ni^{2+}+2e^−⟶Ni$−0.257
$[Ni(NH_3)_6]^{2+}+2e^−⟶Ni+6NH_3$−0.49
$NiO_2+4H^++2e^−⟶Ni^{2+}+2H_2O$+1.593
$NiO_2+2H_2O+2e^−⟶Ni(OH)_2+2OH^−$+0.49
$NiS+2e^−⟶Ni+S^{2−}$+0.76
$NO_3^−+4H^++3e^−⟶NO+2H_2O$+0.957
$NO_3^−+3H^++2e^−⟶HNO_2+H_2O$+0.92
$NO_3^−+H_2O+2e^−⟶NO_2^−+2OH^−$+0.10
$Np^{3+}+3e^−⟶Np$−1.856
$O_2+2H_2O+4e^−⟶4OH^−$+0.401
$O_2+2H^++2e^−⟶H_2O_2$+0.695
$O_2+4H^++4e^−⟶2H_2O$+1.229
$Pb^{2+}+2e^−⟶Pb$−0.1262
$PbO_2+SO_4^{2−}+4H^++2e^−⟶PbSO_4+2H_2O$+1.69
$PbS+2e^−⟶Pb+S^{2−}$−0.95
$PbSO_4+2e^−⟶Pb+SO_4^{2−}$−0.3505
$Pd^{2+}+2e^−⟶Pd$+0.987
$[PdCl_4]^{2−}+2e−⟶Pd+4Cl^−$+0.591
$Pt^{2+}+2e^−⟶Pt$+1.20
$[PtBr_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Pt+4Br^−$+0.58
$[PtCl_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Pt+4Cl^−$+0.755
$[PtCl_6]^{2−}+2e^−⟶[PtCl_4]^{2−}+2Cl^−$+0.68
$Pu^{3+}+3e^−⟶Pu$−2.03
$Ra^{2+}+2e^−⟶Ra$−2.92
$Rb^++e^−⟶Rb$−2.98
$[RhCl_6]^{3−}+3e^−⟶Rh+6Cl^−$+0.44
$S+2e^−⟶S^{2−}$−0.47627
$S+2H^++2e^−⟶H_2S$+0.142
$Sc^{3+}+3e^−⟶Sc$−2.09
$Se+2H^++2e^−⟶H_2Se$−0.399
$[SiF_6]^{2−}+4e^−⟶Si+6F^−$−1.2
$SiO_3^{2−}+3H_2O+4e^−⟶Si+6OH^−$−1.697
$SiO2+4H^++4e^−⟶Si+2H_2O$−0.86
$Sm^{3+}+3e^−⟶Sm$−2.304
$Sn^{4+}+2e^−⟶Sn^{2+}$+0.151
$Sn^{2+}+2e^−⟶Sn$−0.1375
$[SnF_6]^{2−}+4e^−⟶Sn+6F^−$−0.25
$SnS+2e^−⟶Sn+S^{2−}$−0.94
$Sr^{2+}+2e^−⟶Sr$−2.89
$TeO_2+4H^++4e^−⟶Te+2H_2O$+0.593
$Th^{4+}+4e^−⟶Th$−1.90
$Ti^{2+}+2e^−⟶Ti$−1.630
$U^{3+}+3e^−⟶U$−1.79
$V^{2+}+2e^−⟶V$−1.19
$Y^{3+}+3e^−⟶Y$−2.37
$Zn^{2+}+2e^−⟶Zn$−0.7618
$[Zn(CN)_4]^{2−}+2e^−⟶Zn+4CN^−$−1.26
$[Zn(NH_3)_4]^{2+}+2e^−⟶Zn+4NH_3$−1.04
$Zn(OH)_2+2e^−⟶Zn+2OH^−$−1.245
$[Zn(OH)_4]^{2+}+2e^−⟶Zn+4OH^−$−1.199
$ZnS+2e^−⟶Zn+S^{2−}$−1.40
$Zr^{4+}+4e^−⟶Zr$−1.539