Appendix: Solubility Products

SubstanceKsp at 25 °C
aluminum
Al(OH)32 × 10−32
barium
BaCO31.6 × 10−9
BaC2O4·2H2O1.1 × 10−7
BaSO42.3 × 10−8
BaCrO48.5 × 10−11
BaF22.4 × 10−5
Ba(OH)2·8H2O5.0 × 10−3
Ba3(PO4)26 × 10−39
Ba3(AsO4)21.1 × 10−13
bismuth
BiO(OH)4 × 10−10
BiOCl1.8 × 10−31
Bi2S31 × 10−97
cadmium
Cd(OH)25.9 × 10−15
CdS1.0 × 10−28
CdCO35.2 × 10−12
calcium
Ca(OH)21.3 × 10−6
CaCO38.7 × 10−9
CaSO4·2H2O6.1 × 10−5
CaC2O4·H2O1.96 × 10−8
Ca3(PO4)21.3 × 10−32
CaHPO47 × 10−7
CaF24.0 × 10−11
chromium
Cr(OH)36.7 × 10−31
cobalt
Co(OH)22.5 × 10−16
CoS(α)5 × 10−22
CoS(β)3 × 10−26
CoCO31.4 × 10−13
Co(OH)32.5 × 10−43
copper
CuCl1.2 × 10−6
CuBr6.27 × 10−9
CuI1.27 × 10−12
CuSCN1.6 × 10−11
Cu2S2.5 × 10−48
Cu(OH)22.2 × 10−20
CuS8.5 × 10−45
CuCO32.5 × 10−10
iron
Fe(OH)21.8 × 10−15
FeCO32.1 × 10−11
FeS3.7 × 10−19
Fe(OH)34 × 10−38
lead
Pb(OH)21.2 × 10−15
PbF24 × 10−8
PbCl21.6 × 10−5
PbBr24.6 × 10−6
PbI21.4 × 10−8
PbCO31.5 × 10−15
PbS7 × 10−29
PbCrO42 × 10−16
PbSO41.3 × 10−8
Pb3(PO4)21 × 10−54
magnesium
Mg(OH)28.9 × 10−12
MgCO3·3H2Oca 1 × 10−5
MgNH4PO43 × 10−13
MgF26.4 × 10−9
MgC2O47 × 10−7
manganese
Mn(OH)22 × 10−13
MnCO38.8 × 10−11
MnS2.3 × 10−13
mercury
Hg2O·H2O3.6 × 10−26
Hg2Cl21.1 × 10−18
Hg2Br21.3 × 10−22
Hg2I24.5 × 10−29
Hg2CO39 × 10−15
Hg2SO47.4 × 10−7
Hg2S1.0 × 10−47
Hg2CrO42 × 10−9
HgS1.6 × 10−54
nickel
Ni(OH)21.6 × 10−16
NiCO31.4 × 10−7
NiS(α)4 × 10−20
NiS(β)1.3 × 10−25
potassium
KClO41.05 × 10−2
K2PtCl67.48 × 10−6
KHC4H4O63 × 10−4
gold
$\frac{1}{2}Ag_2O(Ag^++OH^−)$2 × 10−8
AgCl1.6 × 10−10
AgBr5.0 × 10−13
AgI1.5 × 10−16
AgCN1.2 × 10−16
AgSCN1.0 × 10−12
Ag2S1.6 × 10−49
Ag2CO38.1 × 10−12
Ag2CrO49.0 × 10−12
Ag4Fe(CN)61.55 × 10−41
Ag2SO41.2 × 10−5
Ag3PO41.8 × 10−18
strontium
Sr(OH)2·8H2O3.2 × 10−4
SrCO37 × 10−10
SrCrO43.6 × 10−5
SrSO43.2 × 10−7
SrC2O4·H2O4 × 10−7
thallium
TlCl1.7 × 10−4
TlSCN1.6 × 10−4
Tl2S6 × 10−22
Tl(OH)36.3 × 10−46
tin
Sn(OH)23 × 10−27
SnS1 × 10−26
Sn(OH)41.0 × 10−57
zinc
ZnCO32 × 10−10