Representing the Acid-Base Behavior of an Amphoteric Substance

Writing acid-base reactions follows all the general rules of writing balanced equations. In this case, you know that one reactant (your acid) will be losing a proton during the reaction (and becoming one unit less positive / more negative along the way), and that the proton will be added to your basic reactant (and also gaining the proton’s positive charge).

Write separate equations representing the reaction of $HSO_3^-$

(a) as an acid with OH

(b) as a base with HI

Solution
(a) $HSO_3^-\;(aq)+OH^-\;(aq)⇌SO_3^{2-}\;(aq)+H_2O\;(l)$

 

(b) $HSO_3^-\;(aq)+HI\;(aq)⇌H_2SO_3\;(aq)+I^-\;(aq)$

 

Check Your Learning

Write separate equations representing the reaction of $H_2PO_4^-$

(a) as a base with HBr

(b) as an acid with OH

Answer:

(a) $H_2PO_4^-\;(aq)+HBr\;(aq)⇌H_3PO_4\;(aq)+Br^-\;(aq)$

(b) $H_2PO_4^-\;(aq)+OH^-\;(aq)⇌HPO_4^{2-}\;(aq)+H_2O\;(l)$